An average data center can consume roughly 3–5 million gallons of water per year, while hyperscale campuses can move into tens of millions of gallons annually depending on climate, utilization, and cooling architecture.
Across the U.S., combined direct and indirect water demand tied to digital infrastructure is increasingly measured in hundreds of billions of gallons per year. At the same time, semiconductor fabrication requires large ultra-pure water throughput, with leading fabs often operating near multi-million-gallon daily volumes.
Next-generation quantum chips and advanced semiconductors intensify this pressure: higher power density and tighter thermal tolerances require more precise, persistent cooling performance across both device and facility layers.
This is the operating context that frames #Cryo-Golbi project.